Can Anti-inhibitor Coagulant Complex cause hemorrhage?

ADVERSE REACTIONS The most frequently reported adverse reactions observed in >5% of subjects in the prophylaxis trial were anemia, diarrhea, hemarthrosis, hepatitis B surface antibody positive, nausea, and vomiting. The serious adverse reactions seen with FEIBA are hypersensitivity reactions and thromboembolic events, including stroke, pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. The most common adverse reactions observed in >5% of subjects were anemia, diarrhea, hemarthrosis, hepatitis B surface antibody positive, nausea, and vomiting. ( 6.1 ) The serious adverse drug reactions are hypersensitivity and thromboembolic events, including stroke, pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis. ( 5.1 , 5.2 , 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. at 1-877-TAKEDA-7 (1-877-825-3327) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. The safety assessment of FEIBA is based on the review of the data from two prospective clinical trials in which FEIBA was used for the treatment of acute bleeding episodes and a prospective trial that compared the use of FEIBA prophylactically versus on-demand treatment. The adverse reactions reported from two prospective clinical trials in which FEIBA was used for the treatment of acute bleeding episodes were chills, chest pain, chest discomfort, dizziness, dysgeusia, dyspnea, hypoesthesia, increase of inhibitor titer (anamnestic response), nausea, pyrexia, and somnolence. Specifically, the first trial was a multicenter randomized, double-blind trial in 15 hemophilia A subjects with inhibitors to factors VIII. The second trial was a multicenter FEIBA study conducted in 44 hemophilia A subjects with inhibitors, 3 hemophilia B subjects with inhibitors and 2 acquired factor VIII inhibitor subjects. Of the 489 infusions used to treat acute bleeds during the second trial, 18 (3.7%) caused minor transient reactions of chills, fever, nausea, dizziness and dysgeusia. Out of 49 subjects, 10 (20%) had a rise in their inhibitor titers after treatment with FEIBA. Five of these subjects (50%) had increases that were tenfold or more, and 3 (30%) of these subjects received factor VIII or IX concentrates within 2 weeks prior to treatment with FEIBA. These anamnestic rises were not associated with decreased efficacy of FEIBA. Table 2 lists the adverse reactions in >5% of subjects reported in the randomized, prospective prophylaxis trial comparing FEIBA prophylaxis with on-demand treatment in 36 hemophilia A and B subjects with inhibitors to factors VIII or IX 3 . The trial population included 33 (92%) subjects with hemophilia A and 3 (8.3%) subjects with hemophilia B. Four (11%) subjects were ≥7 to <12 years of age, 5 (14%) were ≥12 to <16 years of age, and 27 (75%) were ≥16 years of age. A total of 29 (80.6%) subjects were Caucasian, 3 (8.3%) Asian, 2 (5.6%) Black/African American, and 2 (5.6%) other. The subjects received a total of 4,513 infusions (3,131 for prophylaxis and 1,382 for on-demand). Table 2: Prophylaxis Study Adverse Reactions (ARs) in >5% of Subjects MedDRA System Organ Class Adverse Reaction Number of ARs Number of Subjects Percent of Subjects (N=36) Blood And Lymphatic System Disorders Anemia 2 2 5.6 Gastrointestinal Disorders Diarrhea 2 2 5.6 Nausea 2 2 5.6 Vomiting 2 2 5.6 Investigations Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Positive 4 4 11.1 Musculoskeletal And Connective Tissue Disorders Hemarthrosis 5 3 8.3 Table 3 lists the adverse reactions and infusion related adverse events reported in >5% of subjects in any of the three groups (50% Reduced Volume, Increased Rate 4 U/kg/min; 50% Reduced Volume, Increased Rate 10 U/kg/min; Overall 50% Reduced Volume) of the randomized, prospective crossover trial evaluating the tolerability and safety of infusing reduced volume of FEIBA at the standard infusion rate of 2 U/kg/min, and at increased rates of 4 and 10 U/kg/min in a total of 33 treated subjects with congenital Hemophilia A with inhibitors. Table 3: Adverse Reactions (ARs) and Infusion Related Adverse Events in >5% of Subjects, in Patients 18 Years and Older MedDRA System Organ Class Adverse Reaction 50% Reduced Volume; Increased Rate 4 U/kg/min (N=30) n (%); m 50% Reduced Volume; Increased Rate 10 U/kg/min (N=28) n (%); m Overall 50% Reduced Volume Includes the following infusion rates: 2 U/kg/min; 4 U/kg/min and 10 U/kg/min (N=30) n (%); m n=Number of subjects, m=number of events Adverse reactions (ARs) Nervous system disorders Headache 0 0 2 (6.7%); 2 Infusion related AEs Nervous system disorders Headache 0 0 2 (6.7%); 2 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of FEIBA. Because postmarketing reporting of adverse reactions is voluntary and from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate the frequency of these reactions or establish a causal relationship to product exposure. Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: disseminated intravascular coagulation Cardiac Disorders: tachycardia, flushing Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders: bronchospasm, wheezing Gastrointestinal Disorders: abdominal discomfort Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: pruritus General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: malaise, feeling hot, injection site pain Investigations: Fibrin D-dimer increased

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS FEIBA can cause thromboembolic events following doses above 200 units per kg per day and in patients with thrombotic risk factors. Monitor patients receiving FEIBA for signs and symptoms of thromboembolic events. ( 5.1 ) Anaphylaxis and severe hypersensitivity reactions may occur. Should symptoms occur, discontinue treatment with FEIBA and administer appropriate treatment. ( 5.2 ) FEIBA is made from human plasma and may contain infectious agents, e.g., viruses, the variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD) and theoretically, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) agent. ( 5.3 ) 5.1 Embolic and Thrombotic Events Thromboembolic events (including venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and stroke) can occur with FEIBA, particularly following the administration of high doses (above 200 units per kg per day) and/or in patients with thrombotic risk factors [see Adverse Reactions (6) ] . Patients with DIC, advanced atherosclerotic disease, crush injury, septicemia, or concomitant treatment with recombinant factor VIIa have an increased risk of developing thrombotic events due to circulating tissue factor or predisposing coagulopathy. Potential benefit of treatment with FEIBA should be weighed against the potential risk of these thromboembolic events. Monitor patients receiving more than 100 units per kg of body weight of FEIBA for the development of DIC, acute coronary ischemia and signs and symptoms of other thromboembolic events. If clinical signs or symptoms occur, such as chest pain or pressure, shortness of breath, altered consciousness, vision, or speech, limb or abdomen swelling and/or pain, discontinue the infusion and initiate appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures. The safety and efficacy of FEIBA for breakthrough bleeding in patients receiving emicizumab has not been established. Cases of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) were reported in a clinical trial where subjects received FEIBA as part of a treatment regimen for breakthrough bleeding following treatment with emicizumab. 6 Consider the benefits and risks with FEIBA if considered required for patients receiving emicizumab prophylaxis. If treatment with FEIBA is required for patients receiving emicizumab, the hemophilia treating physician should closely monitor for signs and symptoms of TMA. In FEIBA clinical studies thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) has not been reported. 5.2 Hypersensitivity Reactions Hypersensitivity and allergic reactions, including severe anaphylactoid reactions, can occur following the infusion of FEIBA. The symptoms include urticaria, angioedema, gastrointestinal manifestations, bronchospasm, and hypotension. These reactions can be severe and systemic (e.g., anaphylaxis with urticaria and angioedema, bronchospasm, and circulatory shock). Other infusion reactions, such as chills, pyrexia, and hypertension have also been reported. If signs and symptoms of severe allergic reactions occur, immediately discontinue administration of FEIBA and provide appropriate supportive care. 5.3 Transmission of Infectious Agents Because FEIBA is made from human plasma it may carry a risk of transmitting infectious agents, e.g., viruses, and the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) agent, and theoretically, the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) agent. The risk has been minimized by screening plasma donors for prior exposure to certain viruses, by testing for the presence of certain current virus infections and by inactivating and removing certain viruses during the manufacturing process [see Description (11) ] . Despite these measures, the product may still potentially transmit human pathogenic agents. There is also the possibility that unknown infectious agents may still be present. All infections thought by a physician to have been possibly transmitted by this product should be reported by the physician or other healthcare providers to Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. at 1-877-TAKEDA-7 (1-877-825-3327) (in the U.S.) and /or to FDA Med Watch (1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch ). 5.4 Presence of Isohemagglutinins and Interference with Laboratory Tests FEIBA contains blood group isohemagglutinins (anti-A and anti-B). Passive transmission of antibodies to erythrocyte antigens, e.g., A, B, D, may interfere with some serological tests for red cell antibodies, such as antiglobulin test (Coombs test).